Discussion on diagnosis and treatment of dizziness from cases / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Dizziness or vertigo is a common clinical symptom, and its underlying etiology is complex. Many clinicians are confused about its diagnosis and treatment. This article presents a case about chronic vestibular syndrome. And case appreciation and academic discussion are conducted by well-known domestic neurologists and otologists, so as to provide a good thinking model and basic ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness or vertigo, hoping to further improve the diagnosis and treatment level among clinicians.

Study on the relationship between age-related hearing loss and cognitive impairment / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between age-related hearing loss and cognitive impairment.@*Methods@#201 elderly patients, who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Peking University People′s Hospital from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017, were evaluated with hearing screening and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Among them, 101 were female and 100 were male, aged 60-90 years old. Taking the cognitive level as the dependent variable, and taking the age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, residence, and average hearing loss (average hearing threshold of 500, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 Hz), as well as the length of conscious hearing loss as the independent variables, the single factor analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to screen the main factors affecting the cognitive level of the elderly.@*Results@#Of the 201 elderly patients, 39 had normal hearing, 65 had mild hearing loss, 80 had moderate hearing loss, 16 had severe hearing loss, and 1 had profound hearing loss. The average degree of hearing loss was the influencing factor of cognitive impairment, and it mainly affected the directional force and abstract ability in the cognitive domains (P<0.05); The age, self-reported hearing loss, years of education, marital status, past ear diseases, and hypertension were relatively independent factors that affected the cognitive level(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Age-related hearing loss is the risk factor for the cognitive impairment, especially for abstraction and orientation, in the elderly. The self-reported hearing loss is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Advances in the relevance of laryngopharyngeal reflux and tinnitus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Tinnitus is the most common symptom in otorhinolaryngology. In the past, tinnitus was often localized in the auditory system lesions, causing a great amount of idiopathic tinnitus patients inadequately treated. At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of tinnitus not only originates from auditory system itself, but also participates in systemic disorders. In recent years, investigating in the effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux on tinnitus is undergoing rapid progress. This review highlights the current state of relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and tinnitus, which may provide a new systemic insight into diagnosis and treatment on tinnitus as well as laryngopharyngeal reflux.

The value of emergent CT plus CT angiography in emergency surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by brain arteriovenous malformations / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of CT plus CTA in emergency surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by brain arteriovenous malformations(AVM). Methods A total of 15 cases diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by emergent CT examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed from May 2015 to June 2018, and subsequent emergent CTA examination was adopted to verify whether the patients had brain AVM that was responsible for the hemorrhage. After diagnosis, emergency surgical resection of the brain AVM and evacuation of hematoma were performed. Glasgow outcome score (GOS) was used to evaluated the outcome. A secondary DSA or CTA was performed from 2 weeks to 6 months post the operation. Results All 15 cases exanimated by emergent CT plus CTA were demonstrated to have brain AVM and intracranial hematoma. All the patients received emergency brain AVM resection and hematoma evacuation. The surgical finding during operation was in line with what was seen on emergent CT plus CTA, and all cases got total hematoma evacuation. Twelve cases received total brain AVM resection, and the other 3 cases received partial resection because the residual AVM foci existed in deep brain structures . After the operation, none had rebleeding at the surgical site. Follow-up DSA or CTA confirmed the 12 cases had total resection and the other 3 cases had partial resection. All patients were alive after the surgery and GOS scores during the follow-up time, from 2 weeks to 6 months after emergency surgery, were: 5 in 6 patients, 4 in 4 patients, 3 in 4 patients and 2 in 1 patient. Conclusions CT plus CTA can better show the relationship between vascular malformation, hematoma, and the adjacent anatomical structure, and therefore may contribute to intraoperative judgment and complete resection of vascular malformation. It is a practical imaging tool for the preoperative evaluation and emergency surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by brain AVM.

Postoperative anxiety and its relationship with life quality in patients with Ménière's diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the postoperative anxiety and its relationship with life quality in patients with Ménière's diseases.
 Methods: A total of 68 patients with Ménière's disease, who received the treatment of endolymphatic sac decompression from 2010 to 2016, were enrolled. They finished two scales (the self-rating anxiety scale and the quality of life questionnaire for endolymphatic sac decompression of Ménière's disease) by snail mail. The patients were divided into different groups based on their preoperative course, postoperative follow-up time, clinic stage and quality of life after endolymphatic sac decompression surgery, and their anxiety was analyzed. In addition, 109 gender and age-matched patients with other diseases of otorhinolaryngology served as the control group, and their anxiety was also analyzed.
 Results: There was no statistical difference in the postoperative anxiety among the patients with preoperative course for less than 1 year, 1 to 5 years or more than 5 years (all P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the patients with different duration of follow-up (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the patients with the different clinic stages (all P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the patients with the improved life or non-improved life after surgery (P>0.05). The degree of the anxiety in the Ménière's group was more severe than that in the control group (P<0.01).
 Conclusion: It needs to keep in mind that a certain degree of postoperative anxiety still keeps in patients with Ménière's disease.

The role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in eosinophilic nasal polyps, non-eosinophilic nasal polyps and controls, and to compare the characteristics of ILC2s indifferent types of nasal polyp.@*Methods@#Flow cytometric analysis was used to quantify the ILC2s and Th2 cells in tissues from 19 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and 6 controls. The patients were classified into two groups as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (non-ECRSwNP) based on eosinophil counts under hematoxylin-eosin staining. ILC2 and Th2 cell frenquencies, measured as a percentage of CD45+ cells, were compared among ECRSwNP group (n=9), non-ECRSwNP group (n=10) and control group (n=6) using Mann-Whitney U test .The correlation between ILC2, Th2 cell frequencies and eosinophil count in tissues was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.@*Results@#ILC2 frequencies in ECRSwNP group were significantly higher than non-ECRSwNP group and controls ((0.051±0.025) vs (0.011±0.017), (0.051±0.025) vs (0.004±0.004), Z value was -3.185, -3.186, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ILC2 frequencies in non-ECRSwNP and controls ((0.011±0.017) vs (0.004±0.004), Z=-0.712, P=0.492). Th2 cell frequencies in ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP group were significantly higher than controls ((0.500±0.437) vs (0.106±0.102), (0.275±0.170) vs (0.106±0.102), Z value was -2.946, -2.278, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Th2 frequencies in non-ECRSwNP group and ECRSwNP group ((0.275±0.170) vs (0.500±0.437), Z=-1.306, P=0.211). ILC2 frequencies significantly correlated with Th2 cell frequencies (r=0.571, P=0.011) and tissue eosinophilia (r=0.579, P=0.009). Th2 cell frequencies significantly correlated with tissue eosinophilia (r=0.844, P=0.001). There was no significant association between ILC2 and allergic status.@*Conclusion@#ILC2s are elevated in ECRSwNP, and not influenced by allergic status, suggesting that ILC2s play an important role in ECRSwNP without allergic diseases.

The correlation between the hearing frequency and staging of Meniere′s disease / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between the average hearing of different frequencies and the audiometry staging in patients with Meniere′s disease.@*Methods@#A total of 259 patients from 1996 to 2016 were collected .All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, of which 93 patients underwent 3 000 Hz audiometry. The patients were divided into five groups according to the frequencies of hearing(Ⅰ: 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 Hz; Ⅱ: 250, 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 Hz; Ⅲ: 250, 500, 1 000, 2 000; Ⅳ: 500, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 Hz; Ⅴ: 500, 1 000, 2 000 Hz), then calculated the average audiometry and made the hearing staging. The obtained data were analyzed by chi-square test and Bonferroni correction was performed among the groups, P<0.05 was defined as a statistically significant criterion.@*Result@#There were no significant difference between the five groups(P=0.441>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The choice of different pure tone audiometry frequency has no significant effect on the hearing staging. It would be more likely upstaging when plus 250 Hz. There is no statistically significant difference in staging between the latest guidelines and the 1995 guidelines.500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz are recommended when 3 000 Hz examine is not available.

Correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and the treatment effect of all-frequency sudden deafness / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and the treatment effect of all-frequency sudden deafness, and to explore the individualized treatment strategy for the use of Batroxobin.@*Methods@#Patients with all-frequency sudden deafness who were admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology, People′s Hospital of Peking University, from January 2010 to September 2016 were selected. All patients were given standard treatment and regular use of Batroxobin. Value of fibrinogen on D1 (before treatment) / D3 / D7 (±1) and D14 (±2) were recorded, at the same time, the correlation between the changes of fibrinogen and prognosis of all-frequency sudden deafness by the audiograms of onset and after-treatment of all patients were analyzed. Independent t-test was used to analyze normal distributed measurement data and chi square linear trend test was used to analyze the curative effect of different fibrinogen groups.@*Results@#A total of 148 patients were included, the outcomes were worst when the patient′s fibrinogen was below 2 g/L or above 4 g/L before treatment, ineffective rate were both 50%. The fibrinogen was lowest when the treatment came to the third day. Normally, the patient′s prognosis was best when this value waved between 0.7 and 0.9 g/L, with a total effective rate between 73.9% and 83.3%. The fibrinogen value of the 7th day was a good indicator of the outcome, and Fib7 value was significant lower in patients of effective group than ineffective ones ((1.25±0.37)g/L vs (1.38±0.35) g/L, t=-0.27, P=0.04). Patients found a best recovery when Fib7 was below 1 g/L, and the higher the Fib7 value, the higher the inefficiency (χ2=7.55, P=0.01). Batroxobin showed safety during the treatment and found no complications.@*Conclusion@#The change of fibrinogen in the process of all-frequency sudden deafness is closely related to the curative effect.

Postoperative Depression of Patients with Meniere Disease and the Relationships to Vertigo and the Improvement of Quality of Life / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the depression of patients with Meniere disease after surgery ,and the relationships to vertigo and the improvement of the quality of life .Methods A total of 46 patients with Meniere dis-ease and 95 patients with other diseases of otorhinolaryngology (as control) were enrolled in this retrospective stud-y .They underwent operations between 2013 and 2015 .They finished self -rating depression scales ,Meniere dis-ease outcomes questionaire by snail mail .They were asked about the frequencies of vertigo before and after surgery . The gender ,age and postoperative course in the control group were matched to those of in the Meniere group .The relationships among vertigo ,the improvement of the quality of life and postoperative depression were compared .Re-sults In the Meniere group ,69 .77％ of patients did not have depression ,while 13 .95％ were with mild depres-sion ,16 .28％ with moderate ,none with severe .Depression was more severe in the Meniere group than in the con-trol group .There were no obvious linear relationships between vertigo and depression or between quality of life and depression .There was no statistical difference in depression of patients with different vertigo frequencies .Conclusion There is still a certain degree of postoperative depression in near 30％ of patients with Meniere disease after sur-gery .This may not be related to vertigo nor the quality of life .

The Pathway of FITC-Dexran after Post-Aural Injection / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the possible pathway of FITC-dextran to the cochlea after post-aural injection.Methods The FITC-dextran(weight between 3 000~5 000) was chosen as a tracer in this study.A total of 200 suckling mice were randomly divided into four groups, with 50 in each group.Each animal was then administered with FITC-dextran or dextran via either post-auricular or intra-muscular injection, to a total dose of 20 μl (5 mg/ml).Samples were obtained at 0, 1/12, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, and 24 hours after adminstmiceion, and the confocal technique was used to observe the distribution of the tracer.Taking into consideration the influence of spontaneous fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the experimental and control groups was used as the final statistical data.Results FITC-dextran injected intramuscularly group: The fluorescence signal can be detected in the sigmoid sinus(SS) 3h after management, while in endolymphatic sac and cochlea at 12 h.FITC-dextran injected post-aurally group: After administration, an obvious fluorescence signal could be observed in the sigmoid sinus and endolymphatic sac immediately, cochlea at 30 min.The signal of the sigmoid sinus, endolymphatic sac and cochlea gradually increased successively, peaked at 5~15 min, 30 min and 60 min, and then decreased gradually.At 12 h, another small increases appeared, and the signal could not be detected at 24 h.Conclusion Compared with intramuscularly application, post-auricular injection can allow the drug to directly reach the endolymph.It is possible that the tracer first gathered in the SS via local blood circulation or infiltration, then entered the ES via micro-circulation around, and eventually arrived at the cochlea.

Efficacy comparison between endolymphatic sac surgery and semicircular canal occlusion in the treatment of stage 4 Ménière disease / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the vertigo controlling situation between the endolymphatic sac decompression(ELSD) and semicircular canal occlusion (SCO) in stage 4 Ménière disease.@*METHOD@#Fourteen patients who underwent endolymphatic sac decompression and 9 patients who underwent semicircular canal occlusion from 2009 to 2013 were followed. All patients has complete preoperative examination and postoperative follow-up.@*RESULT@#The vetigo control of the patients underwent endolymphatic sac decompression: completely control 35.7%; basic control 28.6%; partly control 14.3%; the vetigo control of the patients underwent semicircular canal occlusion: completely control 88.9%; basic control 11.1%.@*CONCLUSION@#ELSD and SCO are alternative methods for the patients of stage 4. SCO has a much highter complete vertigo control rate. For the patients without practical listening, SCO is a better choice.

The false-negative reasons of positioning test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the false-negative proportion and reasons of positioning test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).@*METHOD@#Sixty-eight cases were reviewed and analyzed during February to April 2009. All patients had typical clinical history of BPPV and diagnosed by positioning test,and all were treated with PRM successfully. If positioning test at the first time were negative, examinations repeated after either head shaking or return visits.@*RESULT@#Thirteen patients (19.12%) appeared false-negative in positoning test, and 11 cases showed typical nystagmus after head shaking,while 2 cases were diagnosed by return visitis the next day. There were no statistically difference between false-negative group and positive group in age (P > 0.05), gender (P > 0.05), course of disease (P > 0.05) and types of semi-circular canal (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Re-examinations after head shaking or return visits are useful for the diagnosis in the suspected BPPV patients who have negative positioning test.

Efficacy of cochlear implantation for bilateral severe Ménière's disease / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effecacy of cochlear implantation (CI) improving hearing of Lermoyez's syndrome, we retrospectively analyzed a case of Lermoyez's syndrome whose left ear was extremely severe sensorineural deafness and right ear was severe sensorineural deafness.@*METHOD@#The patient had completed preoperative audiological examination , vestibular function and imaging examination, then was carried out bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression and left side CI. Follow up after the surgery.@*RESULT@#The vertigo could be controlled very well after the bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression surgery, but the hearing loss couldn't be control, so CI was carried out to improve hearing and speech recognition rate. The contralateral hearing also improved significantly after the operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Endolymphatic sac decompression can effectively control. Ménière's disease in patients with vertigo attacks. CI can improve patients' hearing, and speech recognition rate and, also could improve the quality of life. CI was the first choice for the patient of 4 stage Ménière's disease.

Short-term efficacy and factors of specific immunotherapy on patients with allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the short-term efficacy and investigate the factors of specific immunotherapy (SIT) efficacy of allergic rhinitis.@*METHOD@#Fifty-seven patients with allergic rhinitis to dermatophagoides pteronysinus were included to receive SIT. Pair t-test was used to compare the symptom scores, visual analogue scores (VAS) and medication scores in patients before SIT and into maintain treatment statement to evaluate the clinical efficacy. T-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between gender, age,reaction condition of skin prick test (SPT) and serum sIgE and the efficacy of SIT.@*RESULT@#SIT was able to significantly reduce the symptom scores, VAS and medication scores. But the correlation between gender, age, SPT, and sIgE and theefficacy of SIT were not significant.@*CONCLUSION@#SIT is effective in the short-term treatment of AR. Further research is needed to investigate the factors that impact the efficacy of SIT.

Multi-center comparative study of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through a prospective cohort study, to assess the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone (MP) and dexamethasone (DXM) in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 cases of all-frequency sudden hearing loss were included in this study and divided into two groups. The MP group (n = 40) was treated with MP 40 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The DXM group (n = 36) was treated with DXM 10 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The total period of treatment was 14 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment for 14 days, in the MP group,17 cases were cured (42.5%), 7 cases were markedly improved (17.5%), 9 cases were effective (22.5%), and 7 cases were invalid (17.5%), the total effective rate was 82.5%. As for the patients in the DXM group, 13 cases were cured (36.1%), 6 cases were markedly improved (16.7%), 8 cases were effective (24.2%), and 9 cases were invalid (25%), the total effective rate was 75.0%. The pure tone audiometry in all-frequency was improved (31.5 ± 17.8) dB in the MP group, and (33.1 ± 24.2) dB in the DXM group. The speech recognition rate was improved (41.7 ± 29.8) %, and (42.0 ± 39.1) % in the DXM group. There were no significant differences between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is no significant difference of therapeutic efficacy between the low-dose MP group and High-dose DXM group.</p>

Clinical study of the influence of laryngopharyngeal reflux on quality of life in patients with dysphonia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the morbidity of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with dysphonic diseases and to investigate the influence of LPR on the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-seven patients with dysphonic diseases were encountered in Peking University of the People Hospital. Under the agreement, the patients were asked to fill in the scales of RSI, RFS, VHI and SF-36.24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring was applied to diagnose LPR definitely. 2643 volunteers were recruited to fill in the RSI scale through physical examination, outpatient, the ward and web survey.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>46.46% (59/127) patients were diagnosed with LPR definitely. 1241 of 2643 volunteer, who filled in the RSI, score more than zero in the first entry of hoarseness or dysphonia, 65.0% (807/1241) of them, scoring 13 points or higher, were diagnosed with clinically suspected LPR. Based on the 24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring, VHI total scores and subscores in the emotional domains were higher in positive group than in negative group. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in functional and physical domains. The SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of the patients. The difference of 6 dimensionality, scores had statistical significance (P<0.05), including role-physical, general health, validity, social function, role-emotional and mental health. There was no statistical difference in dimensionalities of role-physical and bodily pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The volunteers who were diagnosed with hoarseness or dysphonia had the higher morbidity rate of LPR. At the time of treatment, more attention should be paid to the quality of life.</p>

Comparison of anxiety and depression state among patients with different type of vestibular peripheral vertigo / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate and analyze the status of anxiety and depression among patients with four types of peripheral vertigo.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of patients with one of the four types of peripheral vertigo, namely benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular migraine (VM), Menière's disease (MD), and vestibular neuritis (VN), were collected. Thorough otological and neuro-otological examinations were performed on these patients, and their status of anxiety and depression were assessed using self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS).@*RESULT@#A total of 129 patients with one of the four types of peripheral vertigo(49 cases of BPPV, 37 cases of VM, 28 cases of MD and 15 cases of VN) were included in the study. The scores of SAS and SDS were higher in the patients with VM or MD than those with BPPV or VN (P < 0.05), and the incidence of anxiety (VM = 45.9% MD = 50.0%) and depression (VM = 27.0% MD = 28.6%) were higher in the patients with VM or MD than those with BPPV or VN (P < 0.05). Paired comparisons showed the differences between the incidences of BPPV and MV groups, BPPV and MD groups, and MD and VN groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Among patients with different types of peripheral vertigo, anxiety/depression is more common in patients with VM or MD. This may be due to the different mechanisms involved in different types of vertigo, as well as differences in the prevention and self-control of the patients against the vertigo.

Common Factors Associated with Severity of Reinke's Edema / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the common influencing factors on the severity of Reinke's edema of the vo-cal cord and to analyze the factors of recurrence.Methods To analyze the relationships among the degrees and smoking,voice overuse,and laryngopharyngeal reflux for 85 patients with Reinke's edema of the vocal cord,and an-alyze the risk factors of recurrence.ResuIts 84.7% of the patients were male with the mean age of 51.35 years. There were statistical differences among smoking history of more than 25 years (P<0.001),laryngopharyngeal re-flux (P<0.01),and voice overuse (P<0.01).Follow ups lasted 1 year and 7 patients showed recurrence.ConcIu-sion Reinke's edema was related to long - term smoking and common in senior male patients.The degree of Reinke's edema was positive correlation with smoking,laryngopharyngeal reflux and voice overuse.The most impor-tant factor is smoking history of more than 25 years.The longer smoking history,the more severe Reinke's edema.

Experimental study on the impact of urban inhalable particles on allergic rhinitis of rats / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#In order to study the effect of inhalable particles on provocation of rat allergic rhinitis model and its possible mechanism.@*METHOD@#After basic sensitizing the experimental rats with OVA by intraperitoneal injection, three groups were provocated by solo OVA, PM10+OVA and solo PM10 through nasal cavity respectively. The control group was sensitized by NS instead of OVA, and then provocated by NS as the method of experimental groups. The symptoms of rat during the provocation were observed and recorded. Then, the rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last provocation, and the expression of IL-4 in nasal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method.@*RESULT@#The groups of OVA and PM10+OVA both had provocated the obvious symptoms of allergic rhinitis, while the groups of PM10 and NS had the symptoms of scratching nose occasionally. By statistical analysis of the amount of IL-4 positive cells, there were significant differences between each experimental group and NS group, and there was significant difference between three experimental groups. The amount of IL-4 positive cells in PM10+OVA group was obviously higher than that in other groups.@*CONCLUSION@#In the period of provocation the rat allergic rhinitis, the inhalable particles play a synergic role with allergen, and it can aggravate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

The analysis of concomitant vertigo in idiopathic sudden deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Analyzing different types of concomitant vertigo in sudden deafness (SD) patients with different hearing loss types, exploring different pathogenesis of SD and concomitant vertigo.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 121 SD cases during 2007. 12 - 2009. 4 were retrospectively analyzed. Detailed information including age, sex, history and hearing level were recorded. According to the standard of China Medical Association,all patients were classified into five sub-groups based on audiogram types: low frequency SD, high frequency SD, flat frequency SD and total SD. The proportion of vertigo in different SD types were calculated and analyzed by statistical method.@*RESULT@#Among all 121 cases, 45 cases with concomitant vertigo, the proportion in different SD types was 42.9%, 47.1%, 23.6% and 51.4%, respectively. By chi-square test, P < 0.05, the proportion in the flat type was statistically lower than that of the other types. 23 patients were diagnosed as true vertigo. The vertigo incidence in different SD types had no statistical difference.@*CONCLUSION@#Vaso factor and viral infection played different roles in different SD types. Discussing concomitant vertigo could help understand SD and otogenic vertigo.